Toxoplasma gondii, the parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, can be transmitted to humans in several ways:
- Foodborne Transmission: Consuming undercooked or contaminated meat (such as pork, lamb, or venison) or shellfish (like oysters, clams, or mussels) can lead to infection. Contaminated food preparation surfaces and utensils can also spread the parasite.
- Animal-to-Human (Zoonotic) Transmission: Cats play a significant role in the spread of toxoplasmosis. They can become infected by eating infected rodents, birds, or other small animals. The parasite is then passed in the cat’s feces. Humans can accidentally ingest the parasite by handling cat litter or soil contaminated with cat feces.
- Mother-to-Child (Congenital) Transmission: Pregnant women who become newly infected with Toxoplasma can pass the infection to their unborn child, which can lead to serious health issues for the baby.
- Other Modes of Transmission: Although rare, toxoplasmosis can also be transmitted through blood transfusions or organ transplants from an infected donor.