How is canine brucellosis transmitted to humans?

Canine brucellosis, caused by Brucella canis, can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected dogs or their bodily fluids. Here’s how the transmission typically occurs:

🧫 Routes of Transmission

  • Reproductive fluids: The highest risk comes from exposure to vaginal secretions, semen, or birthing materials (like placentas or aborted fetuses) from infected dogs.
  • Urine and blood: These can also carry the bacteria, especially during active infection.
  • Mucous membranes and broken skin: The bacteria can enter the human body through cuts, abrasions, or mucous membranes (eyes, mouth, nose) when handling infected materials.
  • Aerosol exposure: In rare cases, inhaling aerosolized particles during veterinary procedures or cleaning contaminated areas may pose a risk.

👩‍⚕️ Who’s Most at Risk?

  • Veterinarians and vet techs: Especially during surgeries or reproductive procedures.
  • Dog breeders: Particularly those working with imported or stray dogs.
  • Shelter workers: Due to frequent contact with untested or high-risk dogs.
  • Immunocompromised individuals and young children: These groups may be more vulnerable to infection and complications.

⚠️ Human Symptoms

If transmitted, Brucella canis can cause:

  • Fever, fatigue, and chills
  • Joint and back pain
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • In rare cases, more serious complications like splenomegaly

While human-to-human transmission is extremely rare, the zoonotic potential of B. canis makes it a public health concern, especially in areas with high rates of dog importation or poor veterinary oversight.

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