Canine brucellosis, caused by Brucella canis, can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected dogs or their bodily fluids. Here’s how the transmission typically occurs:
🧫 Routes of Transmission
- Reproductive fluids: The highest risk comes from exposure to vaginal secretions, semen, or birthing materials (like placentas or aborted fetuses) from infected dogs.
- Urine and blood: These can also carry the bacteria, especially during active infection.
- Mucous membranes and broken skin: The bacteria can enter the human body through cuts, abrasions, or mucous membranes (eyes, mouth, nose) when handling infected materials.
- Aerosol exposure: In rare cases, inhaling aerosolized particles during veterinary procedures or cleaning contaminated areas may pose a risk.
👩⚕️ Who’s Most at Risk?
- Veterinarians and vet techs: Especially during surgeries or reproductive procedures.
- Dog breeders: Particularly those working with imported or stray dogs.
- Shelter workers: Due to frequent contact with untested or high-risk dogs.
- Immunocompromised individuals and young children: These groups may be more vulnerable to infection and complications.
⚠️ Human Symptoms
If transmitted, Brucella canis can cause:
- Fever, fatigue, and chills
- Joint and back pain
- Swollen lymph nodes
- In rare cases, more serious complications like splenomegaly
While human-to-human transmission is extremely rare, the zoonotic potential of B. canis makes it a public health concern, especially in areas with high rates of dog importation or poor veterinary oversight.
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